Opioid Free Anesthesia in Abdominal Laparoscopic Surgery

Abdominal laparoscopic surgery is one of the most common procedures worldwide, commonly facilitated with opioid balanced anesthesia or regional anesthesia. Despite being a controversy, there are issues that suggest opioid to have an influence in tumor recurrence. The investigators performed general anesthesia without opioid in laparoscopic abdominal surgery, and compared the hemodynamic instability, total consumption of fentanyl rescue, qNOX score, Ephedrine intraoperative, and Numerical Rating Scale.