Study on Effects of Defect Closure in Laparoscopic Repair of Direct Inguinal Hernia

Inguinal hernia is a common and widespread condition from which millions of people suffer. Repair of an inguinal hernia is one of the most frequently performed operations in general surgery. Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair are the principal techniques in laparoscopic hernia repair. Laparoscopic hernia repair is recommended for bilateral and recurrent inguinal hernias. It has also been recommended for patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia, contingent on the availability of surgical expertise and resources, due to a lower incidence of post-operative pain and chronic pain. Seroma formation is a frequent complication of laparoscopic mesh repair of moderate-large direct inguinal hernia defects. While rates of seroma formation have been reported to be as high as 10-30%. Several attempts have been made to reduce the incidence of seroma formation, such as tacking the transversalis fascia (TF) to the ramus of the pubis, closing the direct inguinal hernia defect via the endoloop technique, and filling the potential dead space with fibrin glue. However, there is a potential increase in the risk of infection and also a risk of chronic pubic bone pain from the tack staples or vasculo-nervous injury if fixing the TF to the abdominal wall, which would lead to extra discomfort for the patient. The closure of a direct hernia defect with a barbed suture not only closes the defect superficially but also exterminates the defect cavity; consequently, the incidence of seroma formation has been greatly reduced. However, there is still controversial evidence regarding the choice of the two procedures in terms of reducing the rate of seroma formation and pain. Thus, it is ambiguous which surgical technique should be considered best to repair an inguinal hernia. In this study, we tried to evaluate the technical aspect of direct defect closure in laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair and its effect on the primary outcomes in terms of seroma formation and pain at different time intervals, along with the secondary outcomes such as operative time, length of postoperative hospital stay, days to resume normal activities, recurrence, and intraoperative complications like injury to the vas, vessel, and visceral injury or peritoneal tear.