Spinal Morphine or Intravenous Lidocaine in Robot-assisted Upper Urologic Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •The patient has a ASA-class of IV or above
• •The patient is a minor or declared incompetent, has severe psychiatric disease or is expected not to be able to understand the study information due to severe restrictions in vision, hearing, cognition, reading or Swedish language abilities
• •The patient is a female who is pregnant or breastfeeding
• •The patient is a pre-menopausal female who has not undergone sterilisation, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy, and is not using highly-effective contraception with low user-dependency and cannot provide a negative pregnancy test
• •The patient is scheduled for emergency surgery
• •Research staff not available
• •Scheduled significant simultaneous surgery on another organ
• •The anesthesiologist in charge has planned spinal or epidural analgesia
• •The patient has clear contraindications to spinal analgesia, e.g. severe coagulopathy, severe aortic stenosis, previous back surgery with rods, or spinal analgesia can be expected to be technically challenging (severe obesity, severe scoliosis)
• •The patient has clear contraindications to lidocaine infusion, e.g. proven allergy to local anesthetics, myasthenia gravis, renail failure (eGFR \< 30), hepatic failure caused by acute hepatitis or cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B or higher, severe cardiac arrythmias or insuffiency (NYHA IIIb or higher)
• •The patient has previously participated in the trial