Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate on Gastric Emptying

The current preoperative fasting guidelines recommend, applying preoperative carbohydrate solution 2 hours before the operation to minimize prolonged fasting time potential negative effects and improve patient comfort. Fasting after midnight before the operation day is a widespread practice. The major obstacle to preoperative carbohydrate solutions becoming prevalent and extremely long fasting time is the limited product; which is proven safe and efficient, and unavailable in several countries. In this study, our objective is to analyze the gastric volume, preoperative anxiety, stress response, postoperative insulin resistance, and postoperative nausea and vomiting by utilizing a low osmolality oral carbohydrate solution prepared with ginger and melissa. 109 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, aged 18-65 years, and ASA physical state 1-2 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A, who would not eat anything 6-8 hours before the operation, Group S, who drank 400 ml of water 2 hours before the operation, and Group K, which drank 400 ml preoperative oral carbohydrate solution (PreOKH) 2 hours before the operation. Before induction of anesthesia (T1), patients' antral gastric cross-sectional area (GKA) and gastric volume (GV) were evaluated by gastric ultrasound. The preoperative anxiety level of the patients was determined by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAl) before the operation (T1), and the symptoms affecting the preoperative patient comfort parameters (thirst, hunger, dry mouth, fatigue) were measured 2 hours before the operation (T0) and before the induction (T1) evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative pain levels were recorded. Blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels of the patients were measured 2 hours before the operation (T0), before induction (T1), and postoperative 2nd hour (T3)