Evaluate the Accuracy of a COPD Screening Algorithm Model

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases other than COPD, such as asthma, lung cancer, active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and diffuse lung diseases (interstitial pneumonia, occupational lung disease, sarcoidosis, etc.).
• •2. lobectomy and/or lung transplantation, pleural disease.
• •3. Complicated with serious underlying diseases, including severe mental illness, intellectually impaired diseases, neurological disease (resulting in limb movement disorder), malignant tumor (PS score \> 2), chronic liver disease (transaminase \> 3 times the upper limit of normal), heart failure (NYHA\> Grade 3), autoimmune disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD-5), unstable coronary artery disease, arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, severe ventricular arrhythmia), congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, etc., or life expectancy of less than 6 months.
• •4. Malnutrition (BMI\<18 kg/m2).
• •5. Bilateral wrist and hand edema, wrist soft tissue injury, inability to wear a watch/bracelet due to incomplete skin.
• •6. Dual upper limb pigmentation or abnormal blood supply (occlusion, thrombosis, trauma, etc.).