Examining Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Chronic Low Back Pain

Exclusion Criteria

• •Participants report ethnic group as non-Hispanic and racial group as either Black/African American or White/Caucasian.
• •Exclusion:
• •Low back pain that is attributable to other factors such as ankylosing spondylitis, infection, malignancy, compression fracture of other trauma.
• •Systemic rheumatic disease/condition (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia).
• •Any other chronic pain condition that the participant believes to be more prominent or severe than the low back pain.
• •A history of clinically significant surgery to the low back within the past year.
• •Uncontrolled hypertension (i.e. SBP/DBP of \> 150/95), cardiovascular or peripheral arterial disease.
• •Poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c \> 8%).
• •Neurological disease (e.g. Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy).
• •Serious psychiatric disorder requiring hospitalization within the past 12 months or characterized by active suicidal ideation.
• •Diminished cognitive function that would interfere with understanding of study procedures.