Arterial hypertension and diabetes are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Commonly used parameters for the evaluation of renal function (plasma creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio) are sensitive to advanced kidney disease. Parameters predicting early kidney impairment are still lacking. Modified human urine Fetuin A with specific modification in urine (urine Fetuin A) presents a new biomarker that seems to be promising in the early prediction of kidney disease in patients with diabetes without microalbuminuria. Studies evaluating urine Fetuin A in hypertonic patients are still lacking.
