Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) Laser in Root Canal Disinfection

Exclusion Criteria

• •In good general health as evidenced by medical history or non-contributory medical history (Patient can be seen for regular dental appointment in Penn Dental Medicine; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I and II).
• •Radiographic presence of periapical radiolucency.
• •Negative response to thermal sensitivity testing (difluorochloromethane at -50 °C, Endo-Ice, Coltène/Whaledent Inc., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio) or electric pulp testing.
• •Enough tooth structure for adequate isolation with rubber dam.
• •No history of previous endodontic treatment on the tooth.
• •Teeth with single canal, 1 distal canal of lower molar, 1 palatal canal of upper molar.
• •Patients who report they are pregnant.
• •Teeth affected by dental trauma.
• •Periodontal changes (pockets 3 mm, mobility I or gingival edema).
• •Radiographic presence of resorptive processes.
• •Per the investigator's discretion, unable or unlikely to comply with study procedure.
• •Presence of any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, makes participation in the study not in the individual's best interest.