Effect of Preemptive Low Dose Norepinephrine Infusion on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Stability and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Resection With a Craniotomy

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. emergency surgery
• •2. If the subject includes those who cannot read the consent form (e.g. illiterate, foreigners, etc.)
• •3. cognitive dysfunction
• •4. pregnant, lactating
• •5. Congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association scores ≥3)
• •6. arrhythmia
• •7. Renal dysfunction (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate less than 30 ml/min/1.73m2)
• •8. Patients with severe respiratory disease (pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma under treatment, etc.)
• •9. Uncontrolled hypertension (baseline blood pressure greater than 140/90)