S100A8/A9 and Innate Immunity in Liver Disease

Inclusion Criteria

• •A) Patients with acute or chronic liver disease:
• •1. Presence of chronic liver disease, or cirrhosis due to any aetiology (latter based upon a histopathological diagnosis or compatible laboratory data and radiological findings)
• •2. Acute alcoholic hepatitis (definition as per Crabb et al, 2016)35
• •3. Acute liver failure due to any aetiology
• •4. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (defined as per EASL-CLIF definition)17
• •B) Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic abdominal paracentesis Patients with acute or chronic liver disease of any aetiology undergoing clinically-indicated paracentesis for ascites
• •C) Patients undergoing broncho-alveolar lavage
• •1. Intubated patients with liver disease in intensive care
• •2. Undergoing a bronchoscopy or a non-directed broncho-alveolar lavage as part of their routine clinical care
• •D) Patients with acute or chronic liver disease undergoing liver biopsy (percutaneous or transjugular) as routine part of their clinical care
• •E) Patients with portal hypertension (cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic) undergoing transjugular intrahepatic shunt (TIPSS) placement as part of their routine care
• •F) Patients with acute or chronic liver disease undergoing orthoptic liver transplantation
• •G) Patients undergoing surgical liver resection or hepatectomy for liver-related diseases
• •Control groups:
• •A) Patients with ascites without chronic liver disease:
• •1. Absence of cirrhosis based on clinical, radiological or histopathological features, including patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, cardiac ascites (ascites due to heart failure) or patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
• •2. Presence of clinically significant ascites
• •3. Undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic paracentesis
• •B) Patients with sepsis without acute or chronic liver disease
• •C) Patients with haemochromatosis without liver disease or end-organ damage who undergo regular venesection
• •D) Healthy subjects