Assessment of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure by Applying Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to Left Atrial Speckle-tracking Echocardiography

Exclusion Criteria

• •Unwillingness to be part of the study,
• •Patients with poor 2-dimensional imaging quality in ≥ 1 LA segment or lacking of a discernible R-R interval, which might preclude accurate strain measurements,
• •Patients with more than mild mitral valve heart disease, aortic regurgitation, left side valvular prosthesis or mitral valve repair, mitral annulus calcification (≥ 5 mm),
• •Patients with history or presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular paced rhythm, left bundle branch block (LBBB),
• •Patients taking diuretics or vasodilators (nitrates) on the day of the examination, which could alter loading conditions.