Background:
* Cancer-testis (CT) antigens (CTA), particularly those encoded by genes on the X chromosome (CT-X antigens) have emerged as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy.
* Recent studies suggest that CT-X antigens which are up regulated by epigenetic mechanisms may be preferentially expressed in pluripotent stem/tumor initiating cells that mediate treatment resistance and metastasis of human cancers.
* Whereas pulmonary malignancies express a variety of CT-X antigens, immune responses to these proteins are uncommon in lung cancer patients due to low-level, heterogeneous antigen expression, epigenetic repression of genes regulating antigen processing/presentation, and local as well as systemic immunosuppression in these individuals.
* Conceivably, vaccination of lung cancer patients with tumor cells expressing high levels of CT-X antigens in combination with regimens that inhibit immunosuppressive functions of T regulatory cells and enhance activity of natural killer (NK) cells will induce broad immunity to these antigens.
Primary Objectives:
* Phase I Component: To determine the safety of H1299 lung cancer cell lysate vaccines administered with Montanide (Registered Trademark) ISA-51 VG adjuvant and N-803.
* Phase II Component: To assess the frequency of immunologic responses to purified CT-X and autosomal CT antigens in NSCLC participants following vaccinations with H1299 cancer cell lysate and Montanide (Registered Trademark) ISA-51 VG adjuvant in combination with N-803.
Eligibility:
* Participants with pathologically confirmed Stage IB-IIIA (T2a-T4/N0, T1-T3N1, T1-T2/N2) NSCLC per 8th edition TNM Staging System non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have no clinical evidence of active disease (NED) following standard therapy completed within the past 12 weeks.
* Participants must be 18 years or older with an ECOG performance status of 0-2.
* Participants must have adequate bone marrow, kidney, liver, lung, and cardiac function.
* Participants receiving systemic immunosuppressive medications will be excluded.
* Participants with HIV will be excluded.
Design:
* Following recovery from surgery, and adjuvant therapy if indicated, eligible participants will be vaccinated via deep subcutaneous (SQ) injection with H1299 cell lysate and Montanide (Registered Trademark) ISA-51 VG (Trademark) adjuvant with or without subcutaneous N-803 monthly until six vaccinations have been given.
* Imaging studies will be performed at baseline, one month following the 3rd and 6th vaccinations, and at post-treatment follow-up (every 3 months for 3 years and then every 6 months for another 2 years, for 5 years total follow-up).
* Leukapheresis will be performed at baseline and at treatment evaluation one month following completion of the six vaccinations.
* Systemic toxicities and immunologic responses to therapy will be recorded.
* Pre- and post-vaccination serologic and cell mediated responses to a panel of CT-X antigens will be assessed before and one month following completion of the six vaccinations.
* Individuals deemed to have responded to vaccine treatment and exhibit no evidence of disease recurrence or secondary malignancy will be eligible for 2 additional vaccinations at 3 months after receiving the sixth vaccine and 6 months after receiving the 6th vaccine with N-803.
* Numbers and percentages of immune subsets, soluble factors, and cytokines in peripheral blood will be assessed before and after the six vaccinations.
* Immunologic responses to autologous tumor cells (if available) as well as pooled lung cancer stem cell vs. normal lung-induced pluripotent stem cell (Lu-iPSC) lysates will be evaluated in an exploratory manner.
* Up to 28 participants may receive study intervention on this protocol.
