The China National COPD Screening Program

Exclusion Criteria

• •experienced myocardial infarction, stroke or shock in the past 3 months;
• •experienced severe cardiac insufficiency, severe arrhythmia or unstable angina pectoris in the past 4 weeks;
• •experienced massive hemoptysis in the past 4 weeks;
• •received chest, abdominal or ophthalmic surgery in the past 3 months;
• •have mental disorders (e.g. auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, taking antipsychotics, seizures requiring medication, etc.);
• •have cognitive impairment (e.g. dementia, comprehension impairment, etc.);
• •have uncontrolled hypertension (i.e. systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg);
• •present with heart rate \>120 beats/min;
• •have aortic aneurysm;
• •have severe hyperthyroidism;
• •are pregnant or lactating women;
• •experienced respiratory infectious diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, influenza, etc.) in the past month.