Walnut Consumption and Gut Microbiota

Exclusion Criteria

• •Walnut allergy or intolerance
• •Food allergies or intolerances
• •Prior diagnosis of metabolic or gastrointestinal disease (cardiovascular disease and type 1 or type 2 diabetes, chronic constipation, diarrhea, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, stomach or duodenal ulcers, hepatitis, HIV, cancer, etc.)
• •Women that are pregnant, had a baby within the last 12 months, or lactating
• •Individuals that smoke, use tobacco, abuse drugs, or consume \> 2 alcoholic beverages per day.
• •\> 5% weight change in the past month or \> 10% change in the past year
• •Oral antibiotics during the previous 6 weeks
• •Fasting blood glucose \>126 mg/dL, blood pressure \>160/100 mm Hg, elevation in serum transaminases (i.e. \>3 times the upper limit of normal) or with evidence of liver disease, including primary biliary cirrhosis or gallbladder disease, constipation, are currently taking lipid-lowering medications, oral hypoglycemic agents, or insulin, or certain medications (laxatives, bile acid sequestrants, and opiates)
• •History of malabsorptive or restrictive bariatric surgeries (e.g., gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band) or gall bladder removal surgery.
• •Are unable to consume the experimental meals/snacks.
• •Participants who have donated blood within the last 8 weeks
• •Recent diagnosis of anemia
• •Concurrent enrollment in another dietary, exercise, or medication study