Impact of Insulin on Sympathetic Nervous System-mediated Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Exclusion Criteria

• •taking any medications known to affect metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, and/or autonomic functions
• •Self-reported history of:
• •hepatic, renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, or neurological disease;
• •stroke or neurovascular disease;
• •bleeding/clotting disorders;
• •sleep apnea or other sleep disorders;
• •diabetes;
• •smoking;
• •history of alcoholism or substance abuse, excessive alcohol consumption;
• •hypertension;
• •active cancer;
• •autoimmune disease;
• •immunosuppressant therapy