CKD is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for \>3 months, with implications for health. CKD is classified based on Cause, GFR category (G1-G5), and Albuminuria category (A1-A3) .
The global prevalence of CKD is 13.4%, with 10.6% being stages 3-5 ,Over the past 10 years, the death rate due to CKD has increased by 31.7% .
CKD patients remain sometimes asymptomatic, presenting the complications typical of renal dysfunction only in more advanced stages. Its treatment can be conservative usually in patients with glomerular filtration rate above 15 ml/minute without indications of dialysis or replacement therapy .
In CKD patients the changes of endocrine system levels may arise from several causes as the kidney is the site of degradation \& synthesis of many different hormones .
So thyroid and parathyroid hormones dysfunction has been recognized as common co-morbidity that is often diagnosed with CKD .
Thyroid hormone is one of the most important hormones in the human body as it regulates majority of the body's physiological actions .
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the most important hormones required for the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis .
Chronic kidney disease metabolic bone disorder (CKD-MBD) among patients with end stage renal disease ranges from 33% to 67%, and its severity tends to increase with the progression of the kidney damage \& high mortality rates .
CKD-MBD causes bone abnormalities that affect turnover, volume, mineralization, vascular, linear growth, and density, and soft tissue calcification .
