The broad goal of the proposed work is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of a specialized computer-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to supplement standard alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment in patients with a co-occurring anxiety disorder ("comorbidity"). Comorbidity is both common in AUD treatment patients (up to 50%) and confers a substantial increase in the risk of a return to drinking in the months following treatment. Because research shows that simply adding a standard psychiatric treatment does not substantially improve the AUD outcomes of comorbid individuals, the investigators developed a CBT-based intervention aimed at disrupting the positive-feedback loop ("vicious cycle"; VC) of mutually aggravating negative affect and drinking behavior/urges (the "VC-CBT"). In an Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), AUD treatment patients who received the therapist-delivered VC-CBT demonstrated significantly improved alcohol use outcomes as compared to those who received a standard anxiety treatment. Unfortunately, most community-based AUD treatment programs do not have clinical staff with the specialized training and technical expertise needed to deliver the VC-CBT. To help bridge this "research-to-practice" gap, the investigators went on to develop a fully autonomous and interactive computer-delivered version of the VC-CBT and have demonstrated its functionality in AUD patients. Now, the investigators propose to test the clinical efficacy of the computer-delivered VC-CBT, as well as the mechanisms and processes by which it is hypothesized to work. Aim I is a randomized controlled trial comparing the computer-delivered VC-CBT to an intensity-matched computer-delivered active control intervention that focuses on healthy lifestyles. 256 individuals in residential AUD treatment who have a comorbid anxiety disorder will receive either the VC-CBT or the active control intervention to obtain 200 cases that complete a 1-, 4- and 8-month follow-up. The investigators predict the VC-CBT group will demonstrate superior alcohol-related outcomes at follow-up relative to the control group. Aim II evaluates the extent to which the computer-delivered VC-CBT selectively imparts the skills targeted and whether they convey (mediate) the interventions therapeutic effect. This entails a formal series of "causal steps" analyses of the associations of: treatment-\>skills; skills-\>outcomes; and, treatment -\> outcomes, with vs. without the effect of skills-\>outcomes statistically controlled. Aim III will test the theoretically-derived prediction that the computer-delivered VC-CBT moderates (i.e., weakens) the association of near real-time negative affect and negative situations with drinking behavior and drinking urges. This will be accomplished by analyzing a series of electronic Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) recordings completed in participants' natural environment in each of the 30 days following the conclusion of treatment. The impact of this work would be to provide a scalable and inexpensive means of improving the otherwise poor AUD treatment outcomes of comorbid AUD treatment patients. The work will also provide new scientific knowledge about the mechanisms and processes of change stemming from comorbidity treatment.
