Diabetic Nephropathy in People With Diabetes. Prevalence and Predictive Factors

Exclusion Criteria

• •Signs of acute kidney failure according to the KDIGO classification (21) at the time for kidney biopsy or the last 6 months before kidney biopsy
• •Factors that increases the risk of complications due to kidney biopsy:
• •* Hemoglobin \< 6 mmol/L
• •* INR \>1,4 at the time for biopsy
• •* Platelet count \< 100 x 109/l
• •* Uncontrolled high blood pressure (defined as systolic blood pressure \> 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg)
• •* Only one functioning kidney
• •* Evidence of urinary tract obstruction or hydronephrosis at the time of biopsy
• •* Multiple bilateral kidney cysts
• •* Kidney infection, peri-renal infection, or cutaneous infection that overlies the kidney at time for biopsy
• •* Unwilling to receive blood transfusion
• •* Unable to lie flat in bed six hours after biopsy
• •* Any other contra-indications for percutaneous kidney biopsy according to local clinical guidelines
• •Unable to understand written and oral information
• •Kidney transplant recipient
• •Previous medical kidney biopsy
• •Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant before the kidney biopsy is performed
• •Treatment with Marcoumar (all other anticoagulants are accepted)
• •High thromboembolic risk combined with held in anticoagulation therapy according to the report "Perioperative regulation of antithrombotic treatment" (PRAB) (22)
• •* mechanical heart valve
• •* atrial fibrillation AND CHA2DS2-VASc\> 5 and/or stroke within the last three months
• •* recurrent venous thromboembolism OR venous thromboembolism within the last three months
• •* less than 6 weeks after uncomplicated Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with or without revascularization (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)) with Bare Metal Stents (BMS) or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG))
• •* less than 3 months after uncomplicated ACS with revascularization (PCI with Drug Eluting Stent (DES))
• •* less than 9-12 months after complicated ACS (e.g. reinfarction or stent thrombosis)
• •* less than 1 month after revascularization in individuals with stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (PCI with BMS or CABG)
• •* less than 3 months after revascularization in individuals with stable CAD (PCI with DES)
• •* less than 3 months after stroke, or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
• •Inability to withdraw nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) 7 days before biopsy