Sixteen patients with COPD (GOLD I) with mild and moderate (GOLD II) severity aged 51 - 80 years old who visited at the outpatient examination room, Phramongkutklao Hospital divided into 2 groups; diaphragmatic breathing group (DB; n=8) and Farinelli's breathing group (FB; n=8). Participants in each group were administered to complete breathing exercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. Physiological data and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, MVV, VC, TV, IRV, ERV and IC), respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), aerobic capacity (6-MWD and VO2max), impact of COPD questionnaire (mMRC and CAT), cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6), and oxidative stress (MDA) were analyzed during Pre- and Post-test.
