Decoding Pain Sensitivity in Migraine With Multimodal Brainstem-based Neurosignature

Migraine causes a tremendous disease burden around the world. Migraine is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is reported by the WHO as the second leading cause of disease-related disabilities globally (No. 1 in the population under the 50s). There has been no much change in the ranking of disability for migraine for the past two decades, reflecting an unmet need for better treatment options. Even with the recently available calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP)-based treatment, the treatment response versus placebo is still disappointing (6.4-17.6% in acute treatment, 10.2-23.7% in preventive treatment). There is an urgent need to push further the current understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, based on which novel treatment strategies can be developed. The lack of appropriate research tools hinders the acceleration of migraine research. As a neurological disorder, many neuroimaging studies have been focused on brain alterations; however, the majority focused on the cerebrum. Limited by the currently available neuroimaging and electrophysiological technologies, the deep brain structures especially the brainstem involved in the sensory and nociceptive neurotransmission in migraine, such as the trigeminal nucleus, could only be investigated to a limited extent. Obviously, there is an unmet need for novel technologies that can be used to delineate structural or functional alterations in the brainstem. Elucidation of the role of these deep brain structures may fill the gap in the current understanding of migraine pathophysiology, and pave the way to precise and efficient treatment. Studies restricted to single methodologies are insufficient for the complexity of migraine. Migraine is a complex and dynamic disorder. However, most prior studies were limited to single methodologies and provided limited insights into such a multifaceted disorder. Studies with an integrated approach are lacking. An exhaustive examination of the discrete components of a phenotype, i.e., 'deep phenotyping', can help understand different aspects of its clinical manifestations, and facilitate patient classification. Coupled with neuroimaging and electrophysiological research methodologies, a multi-modal decoding approach would help identify a constellation of migraine-specific biosignatures, rather than just one. This can not only provide clues to decipher migraine pathophysiology in various dimensions but also serve as the basis of the development of a prediction algorithm that can be applied in clinical practice. To pursue the overall goal, the present project schemes as a composition of the following 5 aims: Aim 1: Deep phenotyping for sensory processing in patients with migraine Aim 2: Brainstem-based functional and structural connectomics in migraine Aim 3: Capturing brainstem electro-neurosignature in migraine Aim 4: Constructing a data fusion platform and developing an EEG cap with a built-in analytic chip Aim 5: Exploring brainstem-based connectome sequencing in migraine animal model