1. Background In daily life, people are exposed to various environmental hormones (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals) such as phthalates, bisphenols, heavy metals, and perfluorinated compounds. Due to the recent pandemic of the COVID-19, behavior patterns such as wearing a mask and refraining from going out in daily life have changed. Such behavioral changes have the potential to change the level of exposure to environmental hazards, like intervention studies. In addition, studies have been reported that exposure to various environmental hormones can affect kidney function, but epidemiological studies are insufficient. Therefore, the research team is trying to determine whether exposure to environmental hormones changes due to changes in behavioral patterns according to the new corona epidemic, and to determine the effect on renal function indices in patients with chronic kidney disease.
2. Hypothesis and Purpose
* Differences in risk perception for disease after the COVID-19 pandemic can explain the degree of change in lifestyle.
* The changed lifestyle will lead to reduced exposure to environmentally hazardous substances.
* Reduction of exposure to environmentally harmful substances will reduce the level of exposure to harmful substances related to kidney disease, which will lead to changes in the prevalence of kidney disease and indicators related to kidney disease.
* After the COVID-19 pandemic, it is verified whether the exposure level of environmentally hazardous chemicals decreases due to changes in the way of life and differences in perception of the risk of infectious diseases, and confirms which indicators related to chronic kidney disease change accordingly. Identify the role.
3. Methods (1) During the COVID-19 pandemic
* Acquisition of consent (using explanations and posters) by explaining the research purpose and method
* Survey on changes in awareness of diseases and changes in hygiene activities since the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before
* Measurement of the concentration of environmentally hazardous substances through the acquisition of blood (serum, residual samples after blood tests for treatment) and urine samples that are normally performed in the office (3 months cycle, 4 times)
* Acquisition of clinical information related to kidney disease (2) Recovery period of the COVID-19 pandemic
* Survey on changes in awareness of diseases and hygiene activities that have changed since the end of the COVID-19 outbreak
* Measurement of the concentration of environmentally harmful substances by obtaining blood (serum, residual sample after blood test for medical treatment) and urine sample (once after 6 months of termination)
* Acquisition of clinical information related to kidney disease (3) Investigation variable
a) Survey
* Demographic information
* Anthropometric information
* Risk perception for the COVID-19
* Individual behavior associated with hygiene
* Social distancing pattern b) Chemical material in human sample (blood, urine)
* Phthalate metabolite
* Paraben metabolite
* Benzophenone
* Triclosan and triclocarban
* Bisphenols
* Phosphate metabolites
* Organochlorine pesticides
* Polychlorinated biphenyls c) Clinical information including estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio
