Cardiovascular Manifestation of Inflamatory Bowel Disease Patient ( Tissue Doppler Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI )

The burden of extra-intestinal disease is high in patients with IBD, some of whom respond to or are prevented by treating the bowel inflammation, whereas others require specific treatment because they are independent of the underlying bowel inflammation . Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. They may arise for various reasons such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, genetic, environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Besides all these, there is much evidence suggesting that inflammation is an important player in the pathogenesis of heart disease, as well as atherogenesis and atherosclerosis . A most common systemic inflammatory disease is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a collection of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, a chronic intestinal disease that may arise due to different factors, and is precipitated by environmental and genetic susceptibility Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a useful echocardiographic technique to evaluate global and regional myocardial systolic as well as diastolic function. It can also be used to quantify right ventricular and left atrial function. To date, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is mostly used to detect significantly decreased EFs and abnormalities in wall motion. Contrast enhancement (CE) CMR is a more sensitive technique of cMRI and can detect areas of myocardial damage in patients with acute myocarditis .