Sparkle Respiratory Effort Validation

Exclusion Criteria

• •Contraindication to esophageal pressure monitoring, including a sensitive gag reflex (determined by a positive response to the screening question "do you sometimes or often gag while brushing your teeth?"), dysphagia, nasal obstruction, and/or esophageal disorder likely to impact placement of the balloon;
• •History of allergic reactions to medical adhesives;
• •Known allergy to lidocaine;
• •Known seizure disorder;
• •Severe medical condition (controlled or uncontrolled) impacting breathing including neuromuscular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory failure or insufficiency, or requirement for oxygen therapy;
• •Chronic cardiopulmonary or renal disease, including a history of irregular heart rhythms;
• •At risk for excessive bleeding including use of anticoagulants;
• •An employee, or spouse of an employee, of a company that designs, sells, or manufactures sleep related products (including Philips);
• •An employee, or spouse of an employee, of Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates of Baltimore.