Testing the Addition of an Anti-cancer Drug, BAY 1895344, to Usual Chemotherapy for Advanced Stage Solid Tumors, With a Specific Focus on Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer, Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• •DOSE ESCALATION COHORTS: Patients must have a biopsy-proven solid tumor that is metastatic or unresectable and has progressed on at least one line of standard therapy
• •DOSE ESCALATION COHORTS: Patients must have a solid tumor for which irinotecan or topotecan is considered standard of care
• •DOSE EXPANSION COHORTS: Patients must have biopsy proven metastatic or unresectable small cell lung cancer (SCLC), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PD-NEC) (any extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma with small cell or large cell histology) or pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) and have progressed on at least one line of standard therapy
• •DOSE EXPANSION COHORTS: Patients must have at least one measurable lesion outside of the lesion to be biopsied
• •Patients must be able to swallow pills
• •Age \>= 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of BAY 1895344 in combination with irinotecan or topotecan in patients \< 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study
• •Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2 (Karnofsky \>= 60%)
• •Hemoglobin \> 9 g/dL
• •Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL
• •Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL
• •Total bilirubin =\< 2 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• •Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3 x institutional ULN (=\< 5 x institutional ULN if liver metastases present)
• •Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2
• •Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
• •For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
• •Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
• •Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
• •The effects of BAY 1895344 on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because DNA-damage response inhibitors as well as other therapeutic agents used in this trial are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation and for 6 months after completion of BAY 1895344 administration. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 6 months after completion of BAY 1895344 administration
• •Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Participants with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally-authorized representative (LAR) and/or family member available will also be eligible