Laparoscopic Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones : What Are the Limits and When Should we Call the Endoscopist ?

Lithiasis disease represents a real public health problem. Indeed, 10% of the general population is asymptomatic carrier of gallbladder stones and among them, 35% will present a symptomatic form which will cause the indication of cholecystectomy. As a result, around 120,000 cholecystectomies are performed per year in France, and around 750,000 in the United States for this indication. Cholecystectomy is therefore the most widely performed procedure in the world. However, in 3 to 20% of cases, common bile duct stones will be associated and to be treated. Different strategies are proposed: a treatment called "all surgical" or an endoscopic treatment (usually a sphincterotomy) before, after or during a cholecystectomy. The investigators defined two groups of patients: one group with success of fully laparoscopic surgical treatment (cholecystectomy and laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct at the same time), and one group treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and management of the common bile duct stone(s) by an ERCP performed intra, per ou postoperatively. The primary outcome was the failure of surgical management, defined as the requirement of ERCP for extraction of common bile duct stones, which permit us to identify risk factors of failure in the fullfil surgical treatment process. The secondary outcome was to study the morbimortality in each group, and length of stay.