Cell Phone Support to Promote Medication Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Chronic Illness

The aim of this randomized pilot trial is to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of CPS delivered by phone calls or text messages to AYAs with two distinct chronic illnesses, in preparation for an R01 proposal to conduct a multisite, effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial. We propose 1) assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of CPS for improving medication adherence, 2) investigating the impact of delivering CPS through live text messages versus phone calls using quantitative and qualitative methods, and 3) evaluating patient and provider views of CPS to guide future implementation work. The proposed research follows the conceptual model, illustrated below, positing that CPS will promote adherence through engaging AYAs in calls or texts with a human AF providing social support. We predict that delivering CPS by text message will increase feasibility and acceptability, perceived social support, and adherence compared to voice delivery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criteria will be 1) provider and patient agreement that medication adherence is currently \<80%, 2) access to a cell phone, and 3) ability to speak and understand English. Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criteria will include cognitive impairment that precludes participants from engaging in the consent/assent process or study protocol.