Evaluating the Availability of Berry Phytonutrients Post-consumption of Fresh and Processed Blueberry by Healthy Adults

Exclusion Criteria

• •current smokers (vaping and deeping included), or ex-smokers ceasing \< 6 months before recruitment;
• •pregnant or breastfeeding;
• •subjects with existing or significant past medical history of vascular disease or medical conditions likely to affect the study measures i.e. vascular disease, circulatory (i.e. Reynaud's), diabetes, hepatic, renal, digestive, hematological, cancer, or thyroid disease;
• •fructose intolerant subjects or those with known allergy to salicylates, dairy products, specifically whey protein, or to berries;
• •those unprepared to adhere to dietary restrictions for 1 week preceding and during each intervention or unwilling to comply with the assessments per protocol;
• •who are in parallel participation in another research project involving dietary intervention and/or sampling of biological fluids/material;
• •those on therapeutic diets or having experienced substantial weight loss (to be judged by clinical advisor) within 3 months of screening;
• •those taking phytonutrient-containing supplements (e.g. with cocoa, coffee, berry, polyphenol, flavonoid, or anthocyanin extracts), unwilling to cease intake during, and 1 month preceding the trial, or unwilling to stop existing intake of other supplements or regular use of large-dose nutrient, herbal, and dietary supplements during the past one to two weeks, or planning to use them during the study;
• •prescribed thyroid, hypoglycemic medication or HRT medication -other medications will be assessed for suitability by the clinical advisor;
• •those having donated blood in the last month;
• •individuals that consume more than 1 and 2 drinks of alcohol per day for women and men, respectively, or more than 7 and 14 drinks per week for women and men, respectively (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture Dietary guidelines 2015-2020);
• •currently on a weight-reducing plan or using weight-loss medications (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, steroids, Ritalin, appetite suppressants such as Diethylpropion or Amfepramone, and weight loss medications such as Alli, Xenical, Qsymia, Belviq, Contrave, and Saxenda), or planning to continue this treatment during the 10-week period of the study;
• •who has BMI\<18.5 and \>30 (lbs/in2x703);
• •who presents abnormal biochemical, hematological or urinary results, and measurements considered to be counter-indicative for the study, including: kidney and liver function, fasting glucose (especially if indicative of diabetes), lipid abnormalities, full blood count as established during the screening period prior to final enrollment.