Intravascular Volume Expansion to Neuroendocrine-Renal Function Profiles in Chronic Heart Failure

Exclusion Criteria

• •Age \< 18 years
• •Having received any investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to entry into the study.
• •Clinically unstable patients (e.g. systolic blood pressure \< 90 mmHg, ongoing requirement for vasopressors or mechanical circulatory support, or mechanical ventilation).
• •Hospitalization within three months prior to study for hemodialysis or an ongoing requirement for hemodialysis or ultrafiltration.
• •Prior organ transplantation or being on a waiting list for organ transplantation
• •Presence of cardiac conditions such as clinically significant cardiac valve stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, or primary arterial pulmonary hypertension (Group 1 PAH).
• •History of blood pressure \> 190/115 mmHg or unexplained syncope within the past 3 months.
• •Symptomatic carotid artery disease, known critical carotid stenosis, or stroke within the past 3 months
• •Clinically significant intrinsic renal disease (eGFR \<15 ml/min/1.72m2), renal artery stenosis, or history of fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries
• •Baseline hemoglobin \< 8.5 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) that is five times or more the upper limit of normal or bilirubin three times or more the upper limit of normal
• •History of alcohol abuse within the past 6 months.