PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine the one-year incidence of HIV among high-risk MSM in India.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To test the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting a sample of 150 high-risk HIV-uninfected MSM using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and following them every six months for one year.
II. To produce preliminary descriptive data on the prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HPV in HIV-seronegative MSM in India.
III. To produce preliminary descriptive data on sexual risk behaviors with men and women, as well as data on other potential confounders.
OUTLINE:
Participants receive a questionnaire, undergo a targeted physical and anal clinical exam, undergo blood collection and urethral swab for STIs, and a penile skin cell and anal swab for cytology and HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at months 0, 6, and 12. Participants also undergo high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and penile clinical exam at month 12.
