Feasibility of Deep Brain Stimulation as a Novel Treatment for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder

Exclusion Criteria

• •Medical problems requiring intensive medical or diagnostic management.
• •Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest within the previous 6 months.
• •History of a neurosurgical ablation procedure.
• •Any medical contraindications to undergoing DBS surgery.
• •History of hemorrhagic stroke.
• •Life expectancy of \<3 years
• •Past or present diagnosis of schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, or untreated depression other than one determined to be substance induced (assessed via SCID-5). Any treated depression has to have been in remission for one year.
• •Baseline assessment on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) of greater than 17 or increased risk of suicide based upon any positive response on the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale.
• •Cluster A or B Personality Disorders.
• •Diagnosis of dementia.
• •History of neurological disorder.
• •History of previous neurosurgery (brain) or head trauma.
• •History of suicide attempt.
• •Parental history of completed suicide.
• •Abnormal coagulation lab studies or uncontrolled hypertension.
• •Implanted neurostimulators.
• •Any current CNS infection or infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• •Unable to undergo MR-imaging.
• •Documentation of MRI abnormality indicative of a neurological condition.
• •Substance abuse treatment mandated by court of law.
• •Pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
• •Conditions requiring diathermy.
• •Anticoagulant treatment.
• •Primary language other than English.
• •Any evidence of systemic infection.