Lead Sponsor

Community Health System

Collaborators

Age

18 - 89 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1. Spontaneously breathing adults 18 to 89 years of age
•2. Receiving PCA or nurse administered IV opioids for medical or trauma-related pain
•3. Admitted to the general care floor from the emergency department
•4. Able to provide written informed consent

•1. Age is less than 18 years or greater than 89 years
•2. Transfer to the general care floor from the ICU
•3. Provider order for respiratory monitoring using continuous capnography
•4. Receiving intrathecal or epidural opioids
•5. Trauma patient with a nerve block
•6. Inability or unwillingness to wear the EtCO2 sampling line nasal cannula or pulse oximetry sensor
•7. History or diagnosis of a sleep disordered breathing syndrome
•8. Use of CPAP or BIPAP non-invasive ventilation as home regime
•9. Pre-existing co-morbidity that impacts respiration or ventilation (e.g. COPD or pulmonary fibrosis) (for the purpose of this study a trauma patient with rib fractures is not considered having a pre-existing condition)
•10. Receiving non-invasive ventilation
•11. Unable or unwilling to participate
•12. Member of a vulnerable population such as pregnant women or prisoners

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Incidence OIRD Medical and Trauma Patients