Infectious Outcomes of Povidone-iodine Rectal Cleansing Plus Formalin Disinfection of Needle During Prostate Biopsy

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm of solid organs in Brazil. Definitive diagnosis of the tumor is established through prostate biopsy, indicated in patients with elevated levels of PSA or suspicious rectal examination. The ultrasound or MRI-guided prostate biopsy is mostly performed through the transrectal route worldwide. Although it is a relatively safe procedure, transrectal prostate biopsy (TRUSB) can present several complications, such bleeding, acute urinary retention or infection. Infectious complications are an important concern for the urologist and have different presentation, ranging from isolated fever to severe sepsis. Antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective widely used practice, however, due to increasing rates of bacterial resistance, there is a growing trend in the incidence of infectious complications after TRUSB. Therefore, alternative strategies to decrease infections rates following biopsies are welcome. Our aim was to compare the infectious complications of intrarectal povidone-iodine cleansing associated to formalin disinfection of biopsy needle tip at prostate biopsy. A prospective controlled study will be conducted enrolling 1152 consecutive prostate biopsies in a single center high volume urology Brazilian Public Hospital. The patients will be randomized at a 1: 1 ratio for two different groups: group A - rectal cleansing and disinfection of the needle tip vs. Group B - controls at transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Patients will obtain a urine culture 48 hours after biopsy and complete a telephone interview 7 days after undergoing the procedure. The primary endpoint will be the rate of infectious complications, defined as 1 or more of the following events: fever ≥37.8 ºC; urinary tract infection (UTI) or sepsis (standardized definition). We will also evaluate the predictive factors of infectious complications