Life Steps for PrEP for Youth

Aim 1: To adapt Life-Steps for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to be culturally relevant and appropriate for at-risk young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and transgender women who have sex with men (TWSM). The investigators will conduct in-depth qualitative interviews with up to 20 HIV-uninfected, at risk YMSM/TWSM at Fenway Health, an Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) clinical center. The investigators will also conduct in-depth, individual qualitative interviews with up to 10 key informants, including PrEP providers and staff at community-based organizations that work with YMSM/TWSM. Through these interviews, perceived facilitators and barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP will be identified, and potential strategies to optimize adherence to PrEP for YMSM/TWSM. The investigators will explore youth perspectives on the use of nurses to deliver health messages and weekly text messages. YMSM/TWSM will be recruited at various points in the PrEP continuum of care, including those have opted not to initiate PrEP despite recommendations from clinicians, those who are using PrEP who report high levels of adherence and those who report adherence challenges through clinician referrals and direct recruitment in clinic waiting areas. Interviews will last approximately 60 minutes and will be digitally-recorded. Recordings will be transcribed and analyzed rapidly to inform the design of the youth-tailored Life-Steps for PrEP for YMSM/TWSM that we will test in Aim 2. Aim 2: To conduct a 2-arm pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to assess feasibility and acceptability of the Life-Steps for PrEP for youth intervention and preliminary efficacy of the intervention to improve PrEP adherence and retention in PrEP care compared to the standard of PrEP care at three different clinical sites. Investigators will enroll 50 YMSM/TWSM in the RCT (randomized 1:1 to the 2 arms) across the 3 sites. The primary efficacy outcomes will be PrEP adherence-as measured by dried blood spot testing -and retention in PrEP care-as measured by attendance at quarterly clinic appointments-at 3 and 6 months post baseline. Secondary outcomes include changes in sexual behaviors, retention in prevention services, and acceptability of the interventions which will be assessed at each major visit. Investigators will also conduct a brief, 15-minute semi-structured exit interview with participants in the Life-Steps for PrEP for youth intervention arm to provide an opportunity for more in-depth (open-ended) feedback on intervention satisfaction and acceptability. These data will be used to finalize the intervention manual to enhance participant acceptability.