Recovery Management Checkups for Primary Care Experiment

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) can be readily identified within primary care settings, but current interventions are not effective at linking them to SUD treatment. Patient and system level barriers present significant challenges and new, more robust, linkage models are needed that can successfully overcome the barriers. Identifying more effective linkage models is a priority within addiction health services, since untreated individuals with SUDs have poorer health and employment outcomes over time as well as use significantly more acute care services, resulting in substantially higher medical costs, compared with those who receive SUD treatment. Results from three clinical trials conducted by the applicant team have demonstrated the effectiveness of Recovery Management Checkups (RMC) as a linkage model for individuals needing SUD treatment. Moreover, RMC participants were significantly more likely to enter treatment, enter sooner, and stay longer, having fewer days of use and fewer SUD symptoms. Outcomes were also associated with lower health care utilization, decreased criminal activity, and substantial savings to society, thereby offsetting the costs of additional treatment. RMC was modified for primary care (RMC-PC) and pilot results conducted in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) indicated RMC-PC significantly increased the number of patients who agreed to go to treatment (72% vs. 97%; OR=12.6, p\<.05) and who showed for treatment (12% vs. 75%, OR=22.0, p\<.0001). Moreover, relative to patients in these same settings who received the usual referral condition, those who received RMC-PC had significantly greater reductions (post-pre) in their past-month days of any illicit drug use or misuse of prescription medications (-11.21 vs -22.11 days, d=-0.81, p\<.001). In this trial, investigators will: a) recruit 300 adult patients with SUD through SBIRT programs in 4 FQHC sites, b) randomly assign half to a referral as usual control and half to RMC-PC, and c) conduct quarterly follow-ups for 12-months post enrollment. Hypotheses include: H1 Relative to the control patients, patients receiving RMC-PC will be more likely to: a) initiate SUD treatment sooner, b) receive any SUD treatment, and c) receive more days of SUD treatment. H2. Relative to the control patients, patients receiving RMC-PC and those who receive more SUD treatment will report fewer days of: a) any alcohol use, b) use of illicit drugs or misuse of prescription medications, c) any substance use, and d) SUD problems. H3. The days of treatment will mediate the relationship between RMC-PC and changes in the pre and post measures of the dependent variables in H2.