Enhancing Acupuncture Treatment Effect Through Non-invasive Neuromodulation

Exclusion Criteria

• •history of epilepsy or loss consciousness (LOC)
• •specific causes of back pain (e.g. cancer, fractures, spinal stenosis, infections)
• •complicated back problems (e.g. prior back surgery, medicolegal issues)
• •the intent to undergo surgery during the time of involvement in the study
• •history of cardiac, respiratory, or nervous system disease that, in the investigator's judgment, precludes participation in the study because of a heightened potential for adverse outcomes. For example: asthma or claustrophobia
• •presence of any contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. For example: cardiac pacemaker, metal implants, claustrophobia, pregnancy, inability to remain still in MRI scanner
• •history of medical or psychiatric illness as determined by the investigator
• •history of substance abuse or dependence