Materials and Methods:
Inclusion criteria:
1. Osteo-arthritis of knee joint diagnosed through X-Ray evaluation
2. Moderate or sever level of pain due to knee osteoarthritis and no other known reason
3. Male of Female patients of 18 to 85 years old
4. Pain interfering with activities of daily life
Exclusion criteria:
1. Cancer pain or any other concurrent cancerous condition
2. History of Knee replacement surgery in the study joint
3. Local infection or any kind of inflammatory or allergic skin lesion
4. Rheumatoid arthritis
5. Mobility disorders or not being able to walk
Subjects suffering from chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee will be recruited for this study, and randomly assigned to two groups. One-half of these Subjects (Group A) will receive ultrasound therapy as detailed below on the affected joint; the other half (Group B) is a placebo group. Assuming 60% of subjects in Group A show some improvement, as do 30% of patients in Group B, total enrolment of 84 patients (42 per group) will yield statistically significant results (p=0.05; 80% power).
A Study Administrator will assign subjects to a treatment group randomly, and keep this information strictly confidential. Subjects and investigators will be blinded. The Study Administrator will assign each participant a randomly generated Patient ID number to be used in the collection of data.
Subjects will provide in advance written consent to participate in the study, in accordance with Health Canada requirements. Participating subjects will provide baseline pain assessments prior to their first treatment using a 10-point Numeric Pain Scale. They will indicate their current level of pain, and the best and worst pain experienced in the previous 24 hours. An average of these three ratings will be noted. Additionally, participants will complete a Brief Pain Inventory, indicating the location(s) of their pain as well as its impact on general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep and enjoyment of life.
Group A: The first patient group will receive ultrasound therapy on the affected knee joint, using the CPI-LIPUS Device (Circuit Plus Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario). This low intensity pulsed ultrasonic system operates at 1 MHz for a fixed time of 5 minutes, with a pulsed repetition of 1 kHz. Its total acoustic power is 6.3 W 5%, equivalent to 1.2 W/cm2 acoustic intensity. (Complete technical specifications of and instructions for CPI-LIPUS are attached as Appendix I.) Ultrasound treatment will be pulsed at 50%.
The head of device will be applied to the most painful area of the knee (typically the medial or lateral upper quadrant) for one cycle of five minutes using ultrasound conductive media providing rotating movements, applying only enough pressure to provide adequate coupling of treatment head and the treatment area.
Group B: Group B will be "treated" with an identical device whose ultrasound emitting capabilities has been nullified. This device appears to operate, including illumination of the operating light. The head of the device will be applied to the most painful area of the knee (typically the medial or lateral upper quadrant) for five minutes exactly in the same manner as the Group A.
Treatment of all patients will take place at Toronto Poly Clinic, Toronto Ontario, a multi-disciplinary clinic focused on the treatment of chronic pain. Lead investigator Dr. Rod is their treating physician. Treatments will be repeated at an interval of seven days. A total of six treatments will be performed. Pain assessments will be conducted prior to each treatment, and at 14 days following the last treatment.
Toronto Poly Clinic follows the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario practice regulations including confidentiality and privacy rules and regulations. Study materials will only have subject/patient ID number.
Participating patients will have free access to their usual analgesic treatments throughout the study. A condition of participation in the trial is the patients' agreement to maintain their current analgesic regimen, without change in medication or dosage.
Once a day, participating subjects will rate their joint pain and ease of use of the joint on 10-point Likert scales. They will also record any use of analgesic medication. These data will be noted in Patient Diaries, whose only identifier will be the Patient ID number for maintaining full confidentiality and privacy.
Data from pain assessments, and from the Patient Diaries, will be analyzed to determine the impact of ultrasound therapy on chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Statistical significance will be assessed.
Data safety: All study materials, diaries, assessments and clinical notes collectively called data will be kept in secure server of the clinic for electronic data or locked cabinet of a secure area in clinic for paper data documents.
