A Non-invasive physiologic monitor, Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitor (NICOM), will be utilized for this study. This is the first completely non-invasive hemodynamic device approved by the FDA and available for clinical use produced by Cheetah Medical and utilizes Bioreactance (Tel Aviv, Israel). It performs accurately and with precision in all patient's studied and requires only 4 adhesive gel pads on the skin to measure continuous cardiac output and to calculate Stroke Volume Variation (SVV). Other physiologic data (blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate) will be analyzed in real time and recorded on the device and downloaded into an excel database. The data on the device will be downloaded weekly onto the excel database and deleted on the device. The Study personnel will be trained in its use prior to study initiation.
