Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by distortions of immune functions and acceleration of inflammation processes. Regular exercise has shown great potential for improving the health-related parameters of CKD patients. Moreover, muscle strength is considered to be an important predictor of protein- and energy- wasting, inflammation, quality of life and mortality in CKD patients. The behaviour and individual variability of adaptation to regular, controlled, supervised physical activities in CKD patients are not well defined and understood. The understanding of molecular adaptation mechanisms, represented by the epigenetic impact of exercise on renal specific miRNA´s expression, is necessary for future improvements in clinical practice. Monitoring pro- and anti-inflammation genes activity, their transcription factors and expression of miRNA molecules (influencing the signalling pathways of specific genes) will enable us to draft a new transcription and translation model for exercise-induced adaptation in CKD patients. Additionally, our results will indicate the clinical value of selected markers for the diagnostics and prognostics of disease.
