Multi-modality Imaging and Collection of Biospecimen Samples in Understanding Bone Marrow Changes in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing TBI and Chemotherapy

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Temporal assessment of treatment impact on bone marrow. II. Relative assessment of bone marrow status between total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) and conventional TBI. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Correlation of dual energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging with biological samples for cellularity/adiposity. II. Feasibility of fluorothymidine F-18 (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker as a predictor of treatment response. III. Correlation of FLT PET imaging with biological correlate for leukemia. IV. Characterize relative distribution of leukemia in bone marrow (BM) environment. OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 cohorts. COHORT I (TLMI+FLT/TMLI): Patients may undergo optional fluorothymidine F-18 PET scan over 2 hours at baseline, on days 30 and 100, at 1 year, and at time of relapse. Patients undergo DECT and water-fat MRI scan over 30 minutes at baseline, on days 30 and 100, at year 1, and at time of relapse. Patients also undergo collection of bone marrow and blood samples at baseline, on days 30 and 100, and at 1 year. Patients undergo fluorothymidine F-18 PET, DECT, and water-fat MRI as in TMLI+FLT. COHORT II (TBI): Patients undergo collection of bone marrow at baseline, day 30, time of relapse, and at 1 year.