Lung Disease is the predominate cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A better understanding of the primary pathogenesis of CF is essential in order to reveal the features that may lead to the onset of progressive lung disease. Discerning the nature of the CF defect could resolve longstanding controversy and result in a new therapeutic opportunity that may address pathophysiology. Recently the investigators have developed an innovative technology, termed 1-µm resolution optical coherence tomography (µOCT), which enables real-time cross-sectional microscopy of the functional epithelial surface of living airways.