A Study Investigating the Anti-epileptic Efficacy of Afinitor (Everolimus) in Patients With Refractory Seizures Who Have Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II (FCD II)

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross over study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus (trough 5-15 ng/mL) given as adjunctive therapy in patients with FCDII who already failed more than 2 antiepileptic drugs and surgery. 1. Baseline phase (4 weeks, week -4\~-1): From Screening Visit (Week -4, V1) to starting titration visit at Week -1 (V2). For baseline seizure frequency calculations, the 4-week prospective period seizure counts will be totaled. Antiepileptic drug use will be assessed, and patients are required to be on a stable dose of AEDs. All patients who meet eligibility criteria will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment first arm and placebo first arm. 2. Core phase I (12 weeks, week 0\~11) 2.1.Titration I period (4 weeks, week 0\~3): Everolimus doses will be 4.5mg/m2 po daily given at first time and then during the 4-week titration period everolimus dose may get adjusted to reach trough concentration of 5 - 15 ng/mL. At week 2 (V3), 3 (V4) pre-dose PK blood samples will be taken for potential dose adjustments. 2.2. Maintenance I period (8 weeks, week 4\~11): After the completion of the titration period, the vast majority of patients are expected to continue at their current dose level during the entire 8 week maintenance period. However, the possibility of further titration does still exist, based on the planned pre-dose PK blood samples that will be collected every 4 weeks \[week 4(V5) and 8(V6)\]. 3. Core phase II (12 weeks, week 12\~23): After the completion of the core phase I, the everolimus first group will be changed to the placebo and the placebo first group will take everolimus. Dose titration method is same with core phase I. 4. Unblinded extension phase (29 weeks, week 24-52): After approval, all enrolled patients will be offered the opportunity to enter the unblinded extension phase of the study at the end of week 23 and continue everolimus. Everolimus will be provided to every study patient during the extension phase of 29 weeks. During the extension phase Everolimus doses will be titrated based on pre-dose PK blood samples at week 24 (V12), 28 (V13), 40 (V14), seizure frequency and everolimus tolerability. At week 52 (V15), the final analysis which include serum and CSF PK studies will be performed.