Transdermal Nicotine and Melatonin Patches for Postoperative Pain Relief

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with impaired kidney or liver functions.
• •history of cardiac or central nervous system disease.
• •history of smoking.
• •history of drug or alcohol abuse.
• •history of chronic pain or daily intake of analgesics.
• •uncontrolled medical disease (diabetes mellitus and hypertension).
• •history of intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids within 24 h before surgery.
• •allergy to the used medications.
• •coagulation defect.
• •local infection at the site of application of transdermal patch.
• •patient's refusal.
• •duration of surgery more than 120 minutes.