A Randomised Controlled Trial of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Versus Standard Oxygen Therapy in Critically Ill Immunocompromised Patients

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patient admitted to the ICU for end-of-life care. Do-not-intubate (DNI) patients can be included.
• •Refusal of study participation or to pursue the study by the patient
• •Hypercapnia with a formal indication for NIV \[PaCO2 ≥ 50 mmHg, formal indication for NIV\]
• •Isolated cardiogenic pulmonary oedema \[formal indication for NIV\]. Patients with pulmonary oedema associated with another ARF etiology can be included.
• •Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• •Anatomical factors precluding the use of a nasal cannula
• •Absence of coverage by the French statutory healthcare insurance system
• •Post surgical setting from D1 to D6
• •After discussion at the investigator meeting and based on comments from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board on May 12, 2016, as all included patients need to have an acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and at least 6l of oxygen per minute, patients admitted to the ICU to secure any procedure (bronchoscopy etc..) or those not admitted for acute respiratory failure and who undergo intubation, will NOT be included in this trial. Only patients meeting criteria of acute respiratory failure will be included in this trial.