Insular Inhibitory Neuromodulation to Reduce Cigarette Craving and Alter Brain Function in Smokers

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. MRI/TMS exclusions, including
• •* Claustrophobia
• •* Intracranial or spinal hardware
• •* Pacemakers
• •* MR-incompatible devices (Examples: pacemaker, deep brain stimulator, vagal nerve stimulator, cochlear implant, insulin pump, implanted medication pump, bone stimulator, implanted defibrillator)
• •* History of metal objects or fragments in the eye or skull, including shrapnel or metal plates
• •* History of stroke or other brain lesion
• •* History of attempted suicide or suicidal ideation
• •* Personal history of headaches, seizures, epilepsy, or status epilepticus
• •* Family history of epilepsy
• •* Medications known to lower seizure threshold (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, psychostimulants)
• •* Increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, or pseudotumor cerebri
• •* Unstable coronary artery disease
• •* Current pregnancy or positive urine pregnancy test
• •2. Neurological illness
• •3. Prior neurosurgery
• •4. Schizophrenia
• •5. Bipolar disorder
• •6. Current (within the last two months) major depressive disorder
• •7. Substance dependence or positive urinalysis for opiates, stimulants, cannabis, or sedative on the day of testing
• •8. Alcohol dependence or positive breath test for alcohol on the day of testing
• •9. Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes.