Talazoparib in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery and Liver or Kidney Dysfunction

Patients must have histologically confirmed malignancy that is metastatic or unresectable and for which standard curative or palliative measures do not exist or are no longer effective

Any advanced solid malignancy will be eligible, with a strong preference for tumors that are known to commonly harbor defects in homologous recombination repair including triple-negative breast cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, mesothelioma castration-resistant prostate cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer and head \& neck squamous cell cancer

Measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version (v)1.1 criteria

All patients must have completed any prior chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy (unless palliative doses which must be discussed with study principal investigator), and surgery, \>= 28 days before study entry

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2 (Karnofsky \>= 60%)

Life expectancy of greater than 3 months

Able to swallow and retain orally-administered medication and does not have any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may alter absorption such as malabsorption syndrome or major resection of the stomach or bowels

Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL

Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL

Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL

Hemoglobin \>= 90 g/L

Hepatic and renal function meeting the strata as outlined below; nota bene (NB): patients must fulfill both total bilirubin and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) criteria and creatinine function to be included in a group; however, if a patient's total bilirubin and SGOT/AST and creatinine levels indicate different groups, the patient may be enrolled in the indicated group with the greatest degree of liver dysfunction; all liver and renal function tests must be completed within 24 hours prior to the start of treatment; Note: patients on dialysis will not be eligible

* Group A: hepatic function: normal function (bilirubin =\< upper limit of normal \[ULN\]; AST =\< ULN); renal function: normal function (creatinine clearance \[CrCl\] \>= 60 mL/min)

* Group B: hepatic function: normal function (bilirubin =\< ULN; AST =\< ULN); renal function: moderate dysfunction (CrCl \>= 30 and \< 60 ml/min)

* Group C: hepatic function: normal function (bilirubin =\< ULN; AST =\< ULN); renal function: severe dysfunction (CrCl \>= 15 and \< 30 ml/min)

* Group D: hepatic function: mild dysfunction D1: bilirubin =\< ULN; AST \> ULN, D2: bilirubin \> ULN and =\< 1.5 x ULN; any AST; renal function: normal function (creatinine clearance \[CrCl\] \>= 60 mL/min)

* Group E: hepatic function: mooderate dysfunction (bilirubin 1.5 x \> ULN and =\< 3 x ULN; any AST); renal function: normal function (creatinine clearance \[CrCl\] \>= 60 mL/min)

* Group F: hepatic function: severe dysfunction (bilirubin \> 3 x ULN and up to investigator's discretion; any AST); renal function: normal function (creatinine clearance \[CrCl\] \>= 60 mL/min)

Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately; men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 4 months after completion of talazoparib administration

All prior treatment-related toxicities must be Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.03 grade =\< 1 (except for adverse events \[AEs\] not considered to be dose-limiting toxicities \[DLTs\] in this trial such as alopecia and lymphopenia) at the time of enrollment; if there are any questions, please contact the study's principal investigator

Females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening

Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

What this study is about