A Mobile Behavioral Monitoring Intervention for Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a severe and chronic mental illness that significantly increases mortality and greatly impairs functioning. Despite the use of pharmacological treatments, multiple acute episodes, long episode duration, and significant inter-episode sub-syndromal symptoms are common in patients with bipolar disorder. As a result, patients with bipolar disorder are symptomatically ill about half the time. There is clear evidence that the addition of psychotherapeutic interventions to medication management improves treatment outcomes, yet only about half of bipolar patients receive combined treatment. Current therapies also have limitations in terms of: 1) reliance on subjective patient self report and 2) difficulties in identifying warning signs of impending episodes. Furthermore, direct measurement of observable daily patterns of behavior is not routinely available, even though alterations in sleep and activity are core symptoms of bipolar disorder. Improving access to and long-term engagement in psychosocial interventions is needed to substantially improve treatment. The investigators are developing a smartphone intervention that aims to make proven psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder more readily and routinely accessible to patients as part of their day-to-day lives. The intervention, called LiveWell, will capture and feedback data about sleep and activity to assist patients in regularizing daily rhythms as well as help them monitor, recognize, and manage early warning signs of impending mood episodes. Behavioral and self-report data collected by the phone will also be used to provide clinicians with information regarding patient clinical status. This will increase patient-provider communication and allow for better evaluation and targeting of treatment. Participation in the study will last 4 months. All participants will first undergo initial assessments that will include a telephone interview and a face-to-face interview with a certified study psychiatrist for the purpose of confirming diagnosis. Eligible participants will then be assigned randomly to the LiveWell or TAU group. Participants assigned to either group will be provided with a smartphone and wrist-worn device, and will be asked to carry the phones with them whenever they leave home and to wear the wrist-worn devices 24-hours a day 7 days a week. Participants assigned to the LiveWell intervention will be asked to undergo a 16 week psychosocial intervention consisting of phone-based self-monitoring and educational tools to help them learn skills to better manage symptoms. Participants assigned to the TAU group will be asked to provide limited self-report data on wellness and sleep. All participants, regardless of assigned group, will be asked to participate in assessments delivered over the phone to assess presence and severity of mood symptoms.