Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Function in Chronic Kidney Disease

Exclusion Criteria

• •History of \>14 alcoholic drinks/wk
• •Not likely to be compliant with study visits
• •Pregnant or lactating
• •Predisposition to or history of hypercalcemia
• •History of allergy, sensitivity, or contraindication to probe drugs (seizures, drug metabolism interactions, etc)
• •Use of prescribed or nonprescribed therapies that could interact with probe drugs (including prototypical inhibitors or inducers)
• •Active autoimmune disease or active/recent infections requiring antimicrobial treatment within the previous 4 wks will be excluded to minimize inflammatory-mediated changes in vitamin D status and patient heterogeneity.
• •Presence of clinically significant hepatic insufficiency (total bilirubin greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or transaminase (ALT, AST) elevations greater than 2 times the upper limit of the laboratory reference range or liver disease
• •Active seizure disorder or those patients receiving large doses of medications that are known to reduce seizure threshold
• •Currently receiving cholecalciferol or a vitamin D analogue
• •History of \>14 alcoholic drinks/wk
• •Not likely to be compliant with study visits
• •Pregnant or lactating
• •Predisposition to or history of hypercalcemia
• •History of allergy, sensitivity, or contraindication to probe drugs (seizures, drug metabolism interactions, etc)
• •Use of prescribed or nonprescribed therapies that could interact with probe drugs (including prototypical inhibitors or inducers)
• •Active autoimmune disease or active/recent infections requiring antimicrobial treatment within the previous 4 wks will be excluded to minimize inflammatory-mediated changes in vitamin D status and patient heterogeneity.
• •Presence of clinically significant hepatic insufficiency (total bilirubin greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or transaminase (ALT, AST) elevations greater than 2 times the upper limit of the laboratory reference range or liver disease
• •Active seizure disorder or those patients receiving large doses of medications that are known to reduce seizure threshold
• •Currently receiving cholecalciferol or a vitamin D analogue
• •Any clinical evidence of chronic kidney disease as defined by the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF DOQI) guidelines