Cortical Excitability and Decision Making After Total Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Restriction

Exclusion Criteria

• •Contraindications on ethical grounds
• •Clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc)
• •Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse (\> 5dl wine/ \>1l beer daily)
• •Regular medication intake
• •Enrolment into a clinical trial within last 4 weeks
• •History of seizure or a family history of epilepsy
• •Diseases or lesions of the nervous system (acute or residual included neurological and psychiatric diseases)
• •History of any moderate or heavy head trauma
• •Sleep disorders (e.g. Insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, etc.)
• •Sleep complaints in general or EDS
• •Irregular sleep-wake rhythm (e.g. shift working)
• •Long (\> 9 hours per night) or short sleepers (\< 7hours per night)
• •Sleep efficiency ≤ 80%
• •Travelling with time lag less than 1 month ago (or planning to do so within 1 month prior to the study)
• •Body Mass Index \< 19 or \> 30 kg/m2
• •* 5 drinks or food items containing caffeine per day
• •* 10 cigarettes per day
• •Student of one of the following subjects: Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Economics, or Psychology (since students of these subjects have profound knowledge of probability calculations, which could interfere with our measurements in decision making)
• •History of frequent and/or heavy headache respectively migraine
• •History of claustrophobia
• •Hearing disorder
• •Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindication (such as pacemaker implanted pumps, shrapnel, etc.; full MRI screening form will be filled out - see -Entrance questionnaires)
• •No clear TMS evoked potential in the target area during the screening assessment
• •These subjects will be invited to participate in the study with no TMS sessions, the other protocol being identical