Dissemination of CVD Risk Factor Treatment Among Diabetic Patients in Safety Net Clinics

The ALL Initiative ('ALL') is a population-level management program developed at Kaiser Permanente (KP). It seeks to decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes by improving rates of prescribing for guideline-concordant cardioprotective medications. Multiple mechanisms supported this intervention at KP. The investigators implemented ALL in 11 Community Health Centers (CHC) in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. To our knowledge, this was the first clinical trial testing the translation and implementation of a successful quality improvement (QI) initiative from a private, integrated care setting into CHCs. The investigators adapted the ALL intervention for CHCs through an iterative, stakeholder-driven process. The investigators then conducted a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial in 11 CHCs in a staggered process with six 'early' CHCs implementing the intervention one year before five 'late' CHCs. The investigators measured monthly rates of cardioprotective prescribing rates. Through segmented regression analysis, the investigators evaluated the intervention's effects in June 2011-May 2013. Participants included 11 CHCs serving \~6,500 adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who were indicated for cardioprotective medications per national guidelines. The investigators also conducted a process evaluation to identify factors important to implementation success. Our overarching goals were to identify and resolve issues in disseminating a successful program from a large, well-organized health system into CHCs. The investigators hypothesized that cross-setting translation was feasible, and that adapting and implementing proven QI approaches could improve the care CHCs provide without requiring them to develop native initiatives. The investigators anticipated that this implementation would involve substantially adapting potentially 'translatable' practices and interventions, due to the differences between private, integrated care settings and CHCs in terms of patient needs and vulnerability, and system resources.