Intravascular Ultrasound Evaluation of Renal Nerves in Different Diseases

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. Resistant hypertension group
• •* blood pressure remains above goal in spite of the concurrent use of three or more anti-hypertensive agents(including a diuretic) at adequate doses.
• •* agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations
• •2. Essential hypertension group
• •* systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or current use of anti-hypertensive medication with a normal blood pressure or mean ambulatory blood pressure during the 24-hour≥130/80 mmHg.
• •* not resistant to pharmacotherapy.
• •* agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations
• •3. Chronic heart failure group
• •* New York Heart Association class II-III symptoms, or American College of Cardiology(ACC) / American Heart Association(AHA) heart failure classification B-C class of chronic heart failure.
• •* currently or prior have the signs of heart failure, such as elevated jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, pulmonary crepitations, ect.
• •* Systolic left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by echocardiogram with left ventricular ejection fraction \< 40%.
• •* agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations
• •4. Control group
• •* no history of arterial hypertension, heart failure and diabetes
• •* going to take a vascular interventional examination during hospitalization
• •* agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations
• •All patients have full capacity for civil conduct and agree to sign the Medical Informed Consent.